🏥 MATERI NO. 32 — HEALTH & ILLNESS (KESEHATAN & PENYAKIT)
Total Durasi: 90 Menit | Target Peserta: Siswa, Umum, Dasar - Mahir (A1 – B1)
Topik Utama: Mengeluh sakit, berobat ke dokter, menerima saran medis, menyebutkan gejala dan bagian tubuh yang sakit.
📑 Daftar Isi Lengkap
🗓️ PEMBAGIAN WAKTU
| Kegiatan | Durasi | Tujuan Pembelajaran |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Pembukaan & Pemanasan | 10 menit | Menebak penyakit dari gerakan, memperkenalkan kosakata inti. |
| 2. Speaking — Percakapan 4 Level | 25 menit | Berlatih dialog dari kalimat pendek hingga diskusi medis mendalam. |
| 3. Grammar — Pola Kalimat Sakit & Saran | 20 menit | Menguasai Have got / Have, Should + V1, dan cara bertanya gejala. |
| 4. Latihan Terbimbing | 10 menit | Mengerjakan soal tata bahasa dan melengkapi dialog secara berpasangan. |
| 5. Permainan & Simulasi Kelas | 20 menit | Roleplay dokter-pasien dan permainan "Tebak Penyakit Saya" secara interaktif. |
| 6. Penutup & Rangkuman | 5 menit | Menyimpulkan materi, memberikan PR, dan target pencapaian. |
🗣️ BAGIAN 1 — SPEAKING: PERCAKAPAN KE DOKTER
Berikut skenario dialog bilingual (Inggris ↔ Indonesia) yang dibagi berdasarkan tingkat kesulitan. Setiap level diakhiri dengan latihan praktis.
🟢 LEVEL 1 — DASAR (A1)
Fokus: Menyebutkan penyakit umum dengan kalimat pendek: I have a... / I feel...
| 🇬🇧 BAHASA INGGRIS | 🇮🇩 BAHASA INDONESIA |
|---|---|
| Doctor: Hello! What's wrong with you? | Dokter: Halo! Ada apa denganmu? |
| Patient: Hello, Doctor. I don't feel well. | Pasien: Halo Dok. Saya merasa tidak enak badan. |
| Doctor: What do you feel? | Dokter: Apa yang kamu rasakan? |
| Patient: I have a headache and a fever. | Pasien: Saya sakit kepala dan demam. |
| Doctor: Open your mouth, please. Say "Aah". | Dokter: Buka mulutmu. Ucapkan "Aah". |
| Patient: Aaah... | Pasien: Aaah... |
| Doctor: You have a cold. You should rest at home. | Dokter: Kamu masuk angin. Kamu harus istirahat di rumah. |
| Patient: Thank you, Doctor. | Pasien: Terima kasih, Dok. |
💡 LATIHAN LEVEL 1: Secara berpasangan, ganti penyakit dalam dialog di atas dengan kata berikut: cough (batuk), stomachache (sakit perut), sore throat (sakit tenggorokan), toothache (sakit gigi), backache (sakit punggung).
🟡 LEVEL 2 — MENENGAH (A1+)
Fokus: Menjelaskan durasi sakit, gejala tambahan, dan memahami saran dokter. (Ini adalah level utama materi No. 32)
| 🇬🇧 BAHASA INGGRIS | 🇮🇩 BAHASA INDONESIA |
|---|---|
| Doctor: Good morning. Please sit down. How long have you been sick? | Dokter: Selamat pagi. Silakan duduk. Sudah berapa lama kamu sakit? |
| Patient: Good morning. I have been sick for three days. | Pasien: Selamat pagi. Saya sudah sakit selama tiga hari. |
| Doctor: What are your symptoms? | Dokter: Apa saja gejalanya? |
| Patient: I have a bad cough, a runny nose, and my body feels weak. Sometimes I feel dizzy. | Pasien: Saya batuk parah, pilek, dan badan terasa lemas. Kadang saya merasa pusing. |
| Doctor: Do you have trouble sleeping? | Dokter: Apakah kamu sulit tidur? |
| Patient: Yes, because I cough a lot at night. | Pasien: Ya, karena saya sering batuk di malam hari. |
| Doctor: I see. Let me check your temperature. It's 38.5°C — you have a mild fever. | Dokter: Begitu. Mari saya cek suhu tubuhmu. 38,5°C — kamu demam ringan. |
| Doctor: You have the flu. Take this medicine three times a day after meals. Drink plenty of water and don't go to school for two days. | Dokter: Kamu terkena flu. Minum obat ini 3 kali sehari sesudah makan. Banyak minum air putih dan jangan sekolah dulu selama 2 hari. |
| Patient: Alright. Should I eat anything special? | Pasien: Baik. Apakah saya harus makan makanan khusus? |
| Doctor: Eat warm and soft food. Avoid cold drinks and spicy food. Get well soon! | Dokter: Makanlah makanan yang hangat dan lembut. Hindari minuman dingin dan pedas. Semoga cepat sembuh! |
💡 LATIHAN LEVEL 2: Tukar peran menjadi dokter dan pasien. Pasien harus menyebutkan: 1) Penyakit apa, 2) Sudah berapa lama, 3) Gejala lain, 4) Apa yang membuatnya makin parah. Dokter harus memberikan 3 saran berbeda.
🟠 LEVEL 3 — LANJUT (B1)
Fokus: Mendeskripsikan jenis nyeri, riwayat kesehatan, dan diskusi pengobatan lebih detail.
| 🇬🇧 BAHASA INGGRIS | 🇮🇩 BAHASA INDONESIA |
|---|---|
| Doctor: So, what brings you in today? | Dokter: Jadi, apa yang membuatmu datang ke sini hari ini? |
| Patient: I've had a terrible stomachache since yesterday evening. It's a sharp pain in my lower abdomen, about 7 out of 10 on the pain scale. | Pasien: Saya sakit perut hebat sejak kemarin malam. Rasanya nyeri tajam di perut bagian bawah, kira-kira tingkat 7 dari 10. |
| Doctor: Does it come and go, or is it constant? | Dokter: Apakah sakitnya hilang timbul, atau terus-menerus? |
| Patient: It's constant, but it gets worse after I eat. I also feel nauseous and I vomited twice this morning. | Pasien: Terus-menerus, tapi makin parah setelah makan. Saya juga merasa mual dan sudah muntah dua kali pagi ini. |
| Doctor: Have you eaten anything unusual in the last 24 hours? Any allergies? | Dokter: Apakah kamu makan sesuatu yang tidak biasa dalam 24 jam terakhir? Punya alergi? |
| Patient: I ate seafood at a new restaurant last night. I'm not allergic to anything that I know of. | Pasien: Kemarin malam saya makan makanan laut di restoran baru. Sejauh ini saya tidak punya alergi apa-apa. |
| Doctor: I think you have food poisoning. I'll prescribe some medication to stop the vomiting and stomach cramps. | Dokter: Sepertinya kamu keracunan makanan. Saya akan resepkan obat untuk menghentikan muntah dan kram perut. |
| Patient: How long will it take to recover? | Pasien: Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk sembuh? |
| Doctor: Usually 24 to 48 hours. If the fever goes above 39°C or the pain gets worse, come back immediately. | Dokter: Biasanya 24–48 jam. Jika demam melebihi 39°C atau sakitnya makin parah, segera kembali ke sini. |
💡 LATIHAN LEVEL 3: Buatlah dialog tentang cedera olahraga (misal: terkilir pergelangan kaki). Pasien harus menjelaskan: kapan kejadiannya, bagaimana rasanya (tajam/tumpul/berdenyut), dan apa yang sudah dilakukan. Dokter harus menyarankan pengobatan (kompres dingin, istirahat, minum obat pereda nyeri).
🔴 LEVEL 4 — MAHIR (B1+)
Fokus: Percakapan formal, menjelaskan riwayat medis panjang, gaya hidup, dan diskusi pencegahan penyakit jangka panjang.
| 🇬🇧 BAHASA INGGRIS | 🇮🇩 BAHASA INDONESIA |
|---|---|
| Doctor: I've reviewed your medical records. You mentioned frequent headaches and fatigue for the past two months. Is that correct? | Dokter: Saya sudah memeriksa catatan medismu. Kamu menyebutkan sering sakit kepala dan lelah selama dua bulan terakhir. Benarkah? |
| Patient: Yes, exactly. The headaches are usually throbbing, mostly on the right side. They start around 3 PM and affect my concentration at work. I also wake up tired even after 7-8 hours of sleep. | Pasien: Ya, benar. Sakit kepalanya biasanya berdenyut, kebanyakan di sisi kanan. Mulai sekitar jam 3 sore dan mengganggu konsentrasi saya bekerja. Saya juga bangun tidur tetap merasa lelah meski sudah tidur 7–8 jam. |
| Doctor: How would you describe your stress levels lately? Any changes in diet, exercise, or sleep patterns? | Dokter: Bagaimana tingkat stresmu belakangan ini? Ada perubahan pola makan, olahraga, atau tidur? |
| Patient: Work has been extremely stressful — I often work overtime until 10 PM. I drink 4-5 cups of coffee a day, rarely exercise, and I've been skipping meals because I'm too busy. | Pasien: Pekerjaan sangat menegangkan — saya sering lembur sampai jam 10 malam. Minum kopi 4–5 cangkir sehari, jarang olahraga, dan sering melewatkan makan karena sibuk. |
| Doctor: Based on your symptoms and lifestyle, these are most likely tension headaches combined with burnout. The high caffeine intake and irregular meals are making it worse. | Dokter: Berdasarkan gejala dan gaya hidupmu, ini kemungkinan besar sakit kepala tegang yang digabungkan dengan kelelahan kronis. Asupan kafein tinggi dan makan tidak teratur memperparah kondisinya. |
| Patient: Is there any medication I can take? | Pasien: Apakah ada obat yang bisa saya minum? |
| Doctor: I can prescribe a mild pain reliever for when it's severe, but the real solution is lifestyle changes. You should reduce caffeine to max 1 cup a day, establish a regular sleep schedule, and aim for 30 minutes of exercise three times a week. We should also schedule a follow-up in one month to monitor your progress. | Dokter: Saya bisa resepkan pereda nyeri ringan untuk saat sakit parah, tapi solusi sebenarnya adalah perubahan gaya hidup. Kamu harus kurangi kopi maksimal 1 cangkir sehari, buat jadwal tidur teratur, dan targetkan olahraga 30 menit 3 kali seminggu. Kita harus jadwalkan kontrol ulang sebulan lagi untuk memantau perkembanganmu. |
| Patient: That makes sense. I'll try my best to follow your advice. Thank you for your time. | Pasien: Masuk akal. Saya akan berusaha sebaik mungkin mengikuti saran Anda. Terima kasih atas waktunya. |
💡 LATIHAN LEVEL 4: Buatlah dialog tentang penyakit kronis ringan (misal: asma, alergi debu, atau tekanan darah tinggi). Pasien menjelaskan riwayat penyakit, kambuhnya kapan saja, dan obat yang biasa diminum. Dokter memberikan saran pencegahan jangka panjang dan penyesuaian dosis obat.
📖 BAGIAN 2 — GRAMMAR & KOSAKATA
📋 TABEL KOSAKATA PENTING
🔹 KATA BENDA (NOUNS) — Nama Penyakit & Benda Medis
| Bahasa Inggris | Bahasa Indonesia | Contoh Kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| Headache | Sakit kepala | I have a terrible headache. |
| Fever / Temperature | Demam / Suhu badan | She has a high fever of 39°C. |
| Cough | Batuk | He has a dry cough. |
| Sore throat | Sakit tenggorokan | It hurts when I swallow — I have a sore throat. |
| Stomachache | Sakit perut | Eating too much chili gave me a stomachache. |
| Runny nose | Pilek / Hidung meler | I need tissues — I have a runny nose. |
| Flu / Influenza | Flu | The flu is going around school this week. |
| Dizziness | Pusing / Kliyengan | I feel dizziness when I stand up too fast. |
| Nausea | Rasa mual | The strong smell causes nausea. |
| Medicine / Pills | Obat / Pil | Take this medicine with water. |
| Prescription | Resep dokter | Here is your prescription for the pharmacy. |
| Symptom | Gejala | Fever is a common symptom of infection. |
| Allergy | Alergi | I have an allergy to cats. |
🔹 KATA KERJA (VERBS) — Tindakan Medis
| Bahasa Inggris | Bahasa Indonesia | Contoh Kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| Have got / Have | Punya / Menderita | I have got a toothache. |
| Feel | Merasa | How do you feel today? |
| Hurt / Ache | Sakit / Nyeri | My leg hurts when I walk. |
| Vomit / Throw up | Muntah | He vomited after eating bad food. |
| Sneeze | Bersin | Cover your mouth when you sneeze. |
| Cough | Batuk | She coughed all night long. |
| Swallow | Menelan | It is hard to swallow because of my sore throat. |
| Prescribe | Meresepkan | The doctor will prescribe antibiotics. |
| Treat | Mengobati | This cream treats skin rashes. |
| Recover / Get better | Sembuh | It took a week to recover from the flu. |
| Examine | Memeriksa | Let me examine your chest. |
🔹 KATA SIFAT (ADJECTIVES) — Mendeskripsikan Rasa Sakit & Kondisi
| Bahasa Inggris | Bahasa Indonesia | Contoh Kalimat |
|---|---|---|
| Sharp | Tajam (seperti ditusuk) | I feel a sharp pain in my chest. |
| Dull | Tumpul / Pegal | There is a dull ache in my lower back. |
| Throbbing | Berdenyut | My head is throbbing. |
| Burning | Panas / Perih | I have a burning sensation in my throat. |
| Cramping | Kram / Melilit | I have cramping stomach pain. |
| Mild | Ringan | It is just a mild fever — nothing serious. |
| Severe / Terrible | Parah / Hebat | She is in severe pain. |
| Weak | Lemas | I feel too weak to stand up. |
| Nauseous | Mual | I feel nauseous in moving cars. |
| Dizzy | Pusing / Kliyengan | If I don't eat, I get dizzy. |
| Itchy | Gatal | My mosquito bites are very itchy. |
| Swollen | Bengkak | My ankle is swollen after I fell. |
📐 TABEL POLA KALIMAT UTAMA
🔹 POLA 1: MENYEBUTKAN PENYAKIT (HAVE GOT / HAVE + A)
Gunakan pola ini untuk mengatakan kamu menderita sesuatu. Wajib pakai artikel "a" sebelum nama penyakit.
| Rumus | Contoh Positif | Contoh Negatif | Contoh Tanya |
|---|---|---|---|
| S + have/has + got + a + penyakit | I have got a headache. She has got a fever. | I haven't got a cough. He hasn't got a cold. | Have you got a sore throat? Has she got a temperature? |
| S + have/has + a + penyakit (Amerika / Lebih Umum) | I have a stomachache. They have the flu. | I don't have a backache. | Do you have any allergies? |
⚠️ PENTING: "Have got" HANYA untuk masa kini. Untuk masa lampau, gunakan had : Yesterday I had a fever. (JANGAN: I had got a fever.)
🔹 POLA 2: MENYARANKAN TINDAKAN (SHOULD / SHOULDN'T + V1)
Gunakan Should = sebaiknya / harusnya (saran). Shouldn't = sebaiknya tidak. Kata kerja setelahnya SELALU bentuk dasar (V1), tidak ada tambahan -s/-ed/-ing.
| Rumus | Contoh Benar | Contoh Salah |
|---|---|---|
| S + should + V1 | You should rest more. She should drink warm water. | ❌ You should rests. ❌ You should to rest. |
| S + shouldn't + V1 | You shouldn't eat spicy food. He shouldn't smoke. | ❌ You shouldn't ate. ❌ You shouldn't eating. |
| Should + S + V1? | Should I take this medicine? Should we go to the hospital? | ❌ Should I to take? |
🔹 POLA 3: BERTANYA TENTANG KESEHATAN
| Pertanyaan | Jawaban Singkat |
|---|---|
| What's the matter? / What's wrong? (Ada apa? / Kenapa?) | I have a cold. |
| How long have you been sick? (Sudah berapa lama sakit?) | For three days. / Since Monday. |
| Do you have any other symptoms? (Ada gejala lain?) | Yes, I also feel dizzy. |
| How bad is the pain? / On a scale of 1–10? (Seberapa sakitnya?) | It's about 7 out of 10. |
| Does it hurt when you...? (Apakah sakit saat kamu...?) | Yes, it hurts when I breathe deeply. |
🔹 POLA 4: MENYARANKAN OBAT DAN LARANGAN
| Fungsi | Pola Kalimat | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| Anjuran Minum Obat | Take + obat + frekuensi + waktu | Take one tablet three times a day after meals. |
| Anjuran Umum | You need to + V1 | You need to stay in bed. |
| Larangan | Do not / Don't + V1 | Don't drink cold water. |
| Larangan Kuat | You must not + V1 | You must not drive after taking this medicine. |
✏️ LATIHAN GRAMMAR (3 BAGIAN)
🟢 BAGIAN 1: UBAHLAH KATA DALAM KURUNG MENJADI BENTUK YANG TEPAT
- My sister _______________ (have got) a terrible toothache.
- You _______________ (should / eat) more vegetables to stay healthy.
- I _______________ (not / have) a fever, but I feel weak.
- He _______________ (should not / stay) up late when he is sick.
- _______________ (you / have got) any allergies to medicine?
- The doctor said I _______________ (should / drink) 2 liters of water daily.
- Last week I _______________ (have) the flu and stayed home.
- My back _______________ (hurt) when I lift heavy things.
🟡 BAGIAN 2: LENGKAPI KALIMAT DENGAN KATA YANG SESUAI DARI KOTAK
[ should — have got — hurts — shouldn't — fever — symptoms — medicine — sore throat ]
- A: "What's wrong with you?" B: "I _______________ a _______________. It is painful to swallow."
- If your _______________ is over 39°C, you must see a doctor immediately.
- The doctor asked me about my _______________: how long I had been sick and what I felt.
- You _______________ take this _______________ three times a day after eating.
- My head _______________ so much that I can't study.
- You _______________ share drinking bottles — it spreads germs!
🔴 BAGIAN 3: LENGKAPI DIALOG SINGKAT DI BAWAH INI
Doctor: Good morning. (1) _______________ wrong with you today?
Patient: Good morning, Doctor. I (2) _______________ a stomachache and I feel nauseous.
Doctor: How long (3) _______________ you been feeling like this?
Patient: (4) _______________ yesterday afternoon. I ate street food and then it started.
Doctor: Do you have a fever?
Patient: No, I don't think so. But I vomited twice this morning.
Doctor: I see. You (5) _______________ food poisoning. You (6) _______________ rest and drink oral rehydration salts to replace lost fluids. (7) _______________ eat solid food for the next 12 hours — just drink water and tea.
Patient: Alright, Doctor. (8) _______________ I go to work tomorrow?
Doctor: No, you (9) _______________. Stay home until you feel completely better. If you still vomit after 24 hours, come back. Here is your (10) _______________.
Patient: Thank you very much.
🔐 KUNCI JAWABAN (Latihan Grammar)
Masukkan password untuk melihat kunci jawaban:
✅ KUNCI JAWABAN LATIHAN GRAMMAR
🟢 BAGIAN 1
- has got (subjek tunggal "sister")
- should eat (should + V1)
- don't have (negatif dengan have)
- shouldn't stay (should not + V1)
- Have you got (tanya have got)
- should drink (saran)
- had (masa lampau — tidak pakai got)
- hurts (subjek tunggal "back")
🟡 BAGIAN 2
- have got — sore throat
- fever
- symptoms
- should — medicine
- hurts
- shouldn't
🔴 BAGIAN 3
- What's
- have (got)
- have
- Since
- have got / have
- should
- Don't / Do not
- Can / Should
- shouldn't / can't / must not
- medicine / prescription
🎮 KEGIATAN AKTIF (20 MENIT TOTAL)
🎮 PERMAINAN 1: "TEBAK PENYAKIT SAYA" (10 MENIT)
- Jumlah Pemain: Seluruh kelas, dibagi tim berisi 3–4 orang.
- Alat: Kertas kosong, pulpen, daftar penyakit.
- Cara Bermain:
- Satu orang dari satu tim maju ke depan dan mengambil satu kartu penyakit (misal: sakit gigi, demam tinggi, patah kaki, bersin terus, diare).
- Dia HANYA BOLEH MEMAINKAN GERAKAN DAN SUARA, TIDAK BOLEH BERBICARA atau menulis. Contoh: Pegang pipi sambil meringis = sakit gigi; pegang perut sambil bergoyang = sakit perut.
- Timnya harus menebak dalam 60 detik dengan kalimat lengkap bahasa Inggris: "You have a toothache!"
- Jika benar: dapat 10 poin. Jika salah atau lewat waktu: giliran beralih ke tim lain.
- Orang yang memeragakan penyakit bergantian setiap ronde. Tim dengan poin terbanyak menang dan mendapatkan apresiasi.
- Tujuan: Mengasosiasikan kosakata penyakit dengan gerakan, melatih spontanitas berbicara kalimat "I have a...".
🎮 PERMAINAN 2: SIMULASI KLINIK "DOKTER & PASIEN" (10 MENIT)
- Jumlah Pemain: Berpasangan (2 orang).
- Alat: Kartu peran (Kartu Dokter & Kartu Pasien), alat peraga opsional (kertas putih jadi resep, pulpen jadi termometer).
- Cara Bermain:
- Setiap pasangan mengambil 2 kartu: 1 Kartu Pasien dan 1 Kartu Dokter.
- Kartu Pasien berisi: Penyakit, durasi, 3 gejala, pemicu sakit. Contoh: Penyakit = Asma kambuh. Sudah 2 hari. Gejala = sesak napas, dada terasa berat, batuk malam hari. Pemicu = banyak debu di kamar.
- Kartu Dokter berisi: 3 saran wajib yang harus disampaikan. Contoh: 1) Minum obat 2x sehari, 2) Bersihkan kamar dari debu, 3) Pakai masker saat keluar rumah.
- Mereka melakukan roleplay selama 3–4 menit tanpa melihat catatan. Pasien harus menjelaskan semua gejala secara urut; dokter harus bertanya mendalam dan memberikan semua saran di kartu.
- Setelah selesai, mereka bertukar peran dengan kartu penyakit yang berbeda.
- 2–3 pasangan terbaik diminta tampil di depan kelas, dan kelas menilai: apakah semua gejala disebutkan? Apakah semua saran dokter disampaikan dengan benar?
- Tujuan: Mempraktikkan seluruh pola kalimat dalam situasi nyata, melatih kepercayaan diri berbicara bahasa Inggris.
📝 RANGKUMAN & PENUTUP
📊 TABEL RINGKASAN HAL PENTING
| Hal Penting | Contoh Penggunaan |
|---|---|
| Menyebutkan penyakit | I have got a headache. / She has a fever. |
| Menyatakan perasaan | I feel dizzy and weak. / My stomach hurts. |
| Durasi sakit | I have been sick for 3 days / since Monday. |
| Memberi saran (wajib V1) | You should rest. / You shouldn't drink ice. |
| Bertanya kondisi | What's wrong? / How long have you been sick? |
| Anjuran obat | Take one pill three times a day after meals. |
| Larangan | Don't eat spicy food. / You must not drive. |
| Jenis nyeri | Sharp (tajam), dull (pegal), throbbing (berdenyut), burning (perih). |
🎯 TARGET PENCAPAIAN 90 MENIT
Setelah mengikuti pembelajaran ini, peserta diharapkan mampu:
- Menyebutkan 15+ nama penyakit dan gejala dalam bahasa Inggris dengan benar.
- Membuat kalimat menggunakan Have got / Have dan Should + V1 tanpa kesalahan struktur.
- Melakukan dialog dokter-pasien sederhana selama 2–3 menit, mulai dari menyapa, menjelaskan gejala, menerima saran, hingga berpamitan.
- Memahami instruksi minum obat dan larangan medis yang disampaikan dalam bahasa Inggris.
- Mendeskripsikan jenis dan tingkat nyeri menggunakan kata sifat yang tepat (sharp, dull, throbbing, mild, severe).
📌 Materi ini adalah dasar yang sangat penting untuk percakapan sehari-hari dan perjalanan ke luar negeri.